This month has already brought the first sustained drops in temperature, and many fruit trees begin to enter a vegetative dormancy stage. In such a state, pruning can help improve the health, shape and future production of your fruits.
However, not all specimens should be pruned at this time. Although May is strategic for different species in much of Argentinathe work depends so much on the type of tree as of the climatic conditions of each region.
Likewise, pruning can fulfill different functions. In young trees it is used to build a strong structure and correct growth problems, such as poorly oriented branches, suckers or damaged sectors. In adult trees, however, the objective usually focuses on reducing the density of the crownimprove air circulation, reduce the risk of breakage and promote better flowering and fruiting.
Among the species that are usually pruned during this autumn month, several classic fruit trees appear. Among them are the following.
Apple, pear and quince tree
During May, these trees go through a stage suitable for winter pruning, especially in areas where the cold begins to set in gradually. Working on branches helps organize the structure and stimulate more balanced growth during the following season.
plum and apricot
In both cases, winter pruning is also appropriate during this month. The main objective is eliminate crossed, damaged branches or branches that hinder the entry of light and ventilation inside the cup.
peach tree
Although pruning is often done towards the end of winter, in some cold regions of the country it can be done in May, always before the start of flowering. Detecting sprouts or swollen buds is a sign to postpone the task.
cherry tree
In this case, more moderate pruning is recommended. Generally, dry, damaged or poorly oriented branches are removed, without intervening excessively on the structure of the tree.
Fig tree
The fig tree requires special attention from the last week of May, when one of the most convenient periods begins to control its growth and improve production futura.
What to look for before pruning a fruit tree
Before making any cut, it is advisable to observe the general condition of the specimen and the environmental conditions.
In warm areastrees usually sprout earlier and the window for pruning becomes shorter. In colder areasHowever, the working range is usually wider.
It is also essential, as already mentioned, avoid pruning if there are already clear signs of sprouting. This means that the tree has already begun to mobilize energy and an intervention can affect its development.
Another key point is choose dry days. Humidity favors the development of fungi and increases the risk of infections in wounds caused by cuts.
How to do correct pruning step by step
Basic pruning of fruit trees usually begins with the removal of broken, diseased or dry branches. Then those that grow towards the inside of the glass or intersect with each other are removed, since they hinder ventilation and the entry of light.
It is also recommended remove the so-called “hickeys”very vigorous vertical branches that consume energy but do not produce fruit.
Another common job is to reduce part of the previous year’s growth to bring fruit production closer to the main branches and prevent them from developing only at the extremes.
To achieve clean cutsit is important use proper tools depending on the thickness and location of each branch. Pruning shears, special saws and even chainsaws for large diameter branches are part of the most used equipment.
The most common mistakes when pruning fruit trees
One of the most common mistakes is pruning newly planted trees.. During this stage, the specimen is still stressed by the loss of roots and needs to focus energy on recovering. In these cases, only broken or damaged branches should be removed.
Another common problem is poorly made cuts. Specialists agree that There are no products capable of correcting defective pruning. If the cut is made incorrectly, the wound can rot even if sealants are applied.
Besides, cuts should never be made flush with the trunksince that makes it difficult natural healing of the tree and increases the risk of disease.
